يمكن تصور ضخامة وطول دهاليز مخابيء الحماية ضد الغارات .... وحتي لوألقيت علي الجبل قنبلة "ذرية" فلم يكن من الممكن أن تؤثر علي من كان في المخابيء ...
إن تفرعات المخاليء بجعل منهم مدينة ... تحت المدينة .... ويمتد عدة كيلومترات متفرعة ...
علاوة علي ذلك ، فقد كان لكل من كبار النازي الذين يقيمون في المنطقة ... نظام مخابيء خاص له ولعائلته وزواره وحرسه الخاص ... مثلا .. هيرمان جورنج ... و ... بورمان ... وهتلر ... والحرس الهام ... والحنود في المنطقة ... و .. و ...
د. يحي الشاعر
اقتباس:
Obersalzberg
Air Raid Shelters (Tunnel and Bunker Systems)
When the air war over the Reich became a reality in 1943, Reichsleiter Martin Bormann was forced to order the construction of a series of air raid shelters and command posts for the residents and military staff of the Obersalzberg. These tunnels are often called "bunkers" today, but they are not technically so, since they were not meant as defensive positions from which to fight (even though their entrances were protected by machineguns), but simply as shelters in case of air attacks. They were used successfully for this purpose during the Royal Air Force bombing on 25 April 1945.
Elaborate shelter systems were built beneath the hill behind the Berghof, with tastefully furnished rooms for Hitler and his mistress Eva Braun; beneath the RSD headquarters at Haus Türken; and into the high hill near Gِring's house (sometimes called the Gِring Hill or Adolf Hitler Hill). The latter included Bormann's private shelter system, another private bunker for Gِring and his adjutant (which Bormann would not allow to be connected to the rest of the bunker system), and a command and communications center for the Obersalzberg anti-aircraft defense. There was also a tunnel complex behind the Platterhof, with a planned link to Hitler's bunker, and other less elaborate (or less finished) complexes in the periphery of the area (SS Kaserne, Antenberg, Hintereck/Klaushِhe, Buchenhِhe, Gutshof, Obertal).
The bunker systems consisted of multi-level tunnels lined with concrete and bricks, with associated power, heating, and ventilation systems, and anti-gas protection systems. Most entrances and emergency exits were covered by protected machinegun positions, and some of these were quite elaborate. It would have been difficult for any enemy to fight his way into these systems. The anti-aircraft defense center included a concrete tower containing a stairway leading to the surface, and also a periscope.
It should be noted than in addition to the traditional air-raid tunnel systems, there were access tunnels linking several of the buildings on the Obersalzberg, as well as tunnels for ventilation, water, and sewage pipes. Most of these smaller secondary tunnels do not appear on any published maps. Click here to see some of these access tunnels beneath the SS Kaserne, and here to see an access tunnel between the Hotel Zum Türken and the Filmarchiv building. See the Bibliography page for information of Florian Beierl's new book on the tunnel systems, "Hitlers Berg."
Most of the underground systems are now sealed and not accessible to the public, but a very interesting tour of some of the system can be had at the Hotel Zum Türken, and the unfinished military headquarters complex (Platterhof/Gنstehaus bunker) can be visited from the Obersalzberg Documentation Center near the Platterhof site.
Plan of the Central Obersalzberg Bunker System
The portions that are open to the public are marked in yellow. Other tunnel and shelter systems existed beneath other parts of the Obersalzberg, such as the Gutshof, Antenberg, Klaushِhe, Buchenhِhe, and Obertal. Many other tunnels existed in this area that are not shown on this map. (Dokumentation Obersalzberg)
Türken and Berghof Tunnels
This stairway leads down into the tunnel complex beneath the Hotel Zum Türken, and on to the Berghof tunnels. At the bottom of the stairways, the entrance corridors were protected by machineguns (the corridor turns to the left just before the wall at the end). (All photos of the Türken tunnel complex were taken and published here by permission of Frau Ingrid Scharfenberg, Hotel Zum Türken.)
Some of the corridors were covered by machinegun positions that had no entrances on the same level, but were reached from corridors below.
Bricked-up entrance to Hitler's tunnel/bunker, in the system beneath the Hotel Zum Türken (an anti-gas damper is visible above the doorway).
In the 1950s and 1960s more of the Berghof tunnel system was open to the public than is the case today. These photos from postcards of that period show (left) the corridor leading to the rooms for Hitler, Eva Braun, and Dr. Theo Morell (Hitler's personal physician); (center) steps leading to areas used by the guards; (right) the stairway leading to the main entrance at the rear of the Berghof
Emergency exits to the Berghof tunnel system. The exit above was the one that had a bazooka fired into it in May 1945 (see below) - although the exit appears to be open in this photo, it is closed today by an iron door just a few feet inside. The other exit (below) is also closed by an iron door (both doors are kept locked). The actual entrance to Hitler's tunnel system was through a doorway in the retaining wall at the rear of the Berghof, behind the Haus Wachenfeld wing (this doorway is buried under fill today).
When the U.S. Army moved onto the Obersalzberg on 4 May 1945, they did not know if the underground systems were defended. So they fired bazookas into some of the emergency exit openings. The photo on the left shows damage to an interior machinegun position from a bazooka fired into the Berghof system emergency exit corridor near the Hotel Zum Türken, marked on the map above. The corridor above marked MG-STAND led to this position, and on to the corridor leading to the emergency exit.
Left - machinery room in the Türken tunnel system, for power generation systems; center - room for ventilation equipment (the connection to the similar tunnel beneath the Berghof tunnels has been bricked up); right - corridor leading to Bormann's tunnel system (closed off further around the corner).
Further views in the tunnel system beneath the Hotel Zum Türken. On the left is a corridor on the lowest level, giving access to the machinegun positions on the level above. In the center can be seen conduits for piping and communication cables. Ground water running through these conduits has produced artificial "flowstone," as in a cave system. On the right is a doorway near the entrance to the Berghof tunnel system. The metal doors and most of the wooden door frames were plundered after the April 1945 bombing, but some of the original wood survives (some of the door frames in the Berghof tunnels are in surprisingly good condition today).
Platterhof Tunnel
Entrance to an unfinished elevator shaft in the Platterhof/Gنstehaus tunnel complex, which would have connected with Hitler's Berghof bunker and with a planned additional tunnel system, some 50 feet beneath this one. On the right is a view looking into the shaft, showing the mounts for the elevator machinery.
One of the corridors
the Platterhof complex, reached today from the Documentation Center.This staircase led up to the tunnel entrance in the basement of the Platterhof hotel.